Wednesday, November 20, 2013

Different Types of Programming Languages

What is a Program and Programming Language

Program

A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do is called program. A computer works according to the given instructions in the program. Computer programs are written in programming languages. A person who develops a program is called programmer.

Programming Languages

A set of words, symbols and codes used to write programs is called programming language. Different programming languages are available for writing different types of programs. With the help of computer language, a programmer tells a computer what to do.

Explain different Types of Programming Languages.

There are two main types of computer programming languages.

· low-level languages

· high-level languages.

Low Level Languages

These languages are near to computer hardware and far from human languages. Computer can understand these languages easily. Following are two low-level languages:

• Machine Language

• Assembly Language

Machine Language

A computer language in which instructions are written in binary form (0 and 1) is called machine language. It is the only language that is directly understood by the computer.

Advantages:

a) Very fast program execution

Disadvantages:

a) difficult to understand

b) difficult to learn

c) difficult to modify

d) Requires deep knowledge of hardware

e) Difficult to remove errors

Machine language is also known as first generation language.

Assembly Language

Assembly language is a low-level language. In assembly language, symbols are used instead of binary code. These symbols are easy to remember. For example Add instruction is used to add two numbers.

Assembly language is also known as second generation language

Advantages:

a) Fast execution of programs

b) easier to learn, understand and modify than machine language

Disadvantages:

a) machine dependent

b) Requires knowledge of hardware

High Level Languages

A type of language that is close to human languages is called high level language. High-level languages are easy to understand. Instructions of these languages are written in English-like words e.g. Print, Display, Write etc.

Advantages:

a) Easy to learn and understand

b) Easy to modify

c) Easy to remove errors

d) Machine independent

e) Better documentation

Disadvantages:

a) Less fast program execution

b) Certain operations can be performed

Thursday, July 18, 2013

Explain Advantages of CD and DVD and Differences Between CD and DVD

Topic: Explain Advantages of CD and DVD and Differences Between CD and DVD

What is CD?

CD stands for Compact Disc. Compact Disk or CD is a popular storage device. It is a portable storage device. It can store about 700 MB (Mega Bytes) of data.

Advantages of Compact Disk

It can store large amounts of different types of data. It can store information in the form of sound, videos, programs or software, pictures and other graphics, documents and many more formats of data.

We purchase games and software stored on CDs. CD can store audio/ video songs and videos, too.

It is very inexpensive way of storing large amounts of data permanently.

It is used for backing up of important data, that can be recovered in future if any data is lost from our PC's hard disk.

Compact Disks are easy to use and easy to carry.

Compact Disks are durable and reliable. CDs can store data for many years without losing a single byte.

Different Types of Compact CDs are:

CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory)

CD-ROM comes with already stored data on it, like games or software. As the name CD-ROM says, data can not be deleted or edited on CD-ROM. We can only read or copy data from CD-ROM.

CD-R (Compact Disk Recordable)

Compact Disc Recordable is a blank disk. We can store data on it with the help of CD-Writer only once. Then it becomes CD-ROM. So, we can only read data. We cannot change or delete data.

CD-RW ( Compact Disk Rewritable)

CD-RW disk is more useful type of Compact Disk. We can write data on CD-RW many times. We can read data, write data, erase data and rewrite data on CD-RW for many times.

What is DVD?

DVD stands for Digital Video Disk or Digital Versatile Disk. The basic difference between CD and DVD is that DVD has much more data storage capacity. DVD can store data up to 17 GB (Giga Bytes).

Advantages of DVD

DVD can store much more larger amounts of different types of data as compared to CD. It is used to store HD movies. It can store information in the form of sound, videos, programs or software, pictures and other graphics, documents and many more formats of data.

We purchase high quality movies, games and software stored on DVDs.

It is very inexpensive way of storing large amounts of data permanently. Although it is more expensive than CD but it can store much more data.

It is used for backing up of important data, that can be recovered in future if any data is lost from our PC's hard disk.

DVDs are easy to use and easy to carry.

DVDs are durable and reliable. DVDs can store data for many years without losing a single byte.

Different Types of DVDs are:

DVD-ROM (Digital Video Disk Read Only Memory)

DVD-ROM comes with already stored data on it, like movies, games or software. As the name DVD-ROM says, data can not be deleted or edited on DVD-ROM. We can only read or copy data from DVD-ROM.

DVD-R (Digital Video Disk Recordable)

Digital Video Disc Recordable is a blank disk. We can store data on it with the help of DVD-Writer only once. Then it becomes DVD-ROM. So, we can only read data. We cannot change or delete data.

DVD-RW ( Digital Video Disk Rewritable)

DVD-RW disk is more useful type of DVD. We can write data on DVD-RW many times. We can read data, write data, erase data and rewrite data on DVD-RW for many times.

Here we tabulate the main differences between CD and DVD.

Sr. No	CD	DVD
1	CD stands for Compact Disk	It stands for Digital Video Disk or Digital Versatile Disk.
2	CD can store about 700 MB of data. So, data storage capacity is much smaller than that of DVD.	DVD can store up to about 17 GB data. Therefore, data storage capacity is much larger than that of CD.
3	Technology to read/write on CD uses a laser beam of larger wave length that makes larger pits (tiny holes) on CD. Each pit represents a binary 1.	Technology to read/write on DVD uses a laser beam of shorter wave length that makes smaller pits (tiny holes) on DVD. Each pit represents a binary 1. Therefore, there will be more pits on DVD surface than that of CD. So there will be more data storage capacity of DVD than that of CD.
4	CD is cheaper than DVD.	DVD is more expensive than CD.
5	CD has slower data transfer rates.	DVD has faster data transfer rates.
6	Different types of CD include: CD-ROM, CD-R and CD-RW.	Different Types of DVD are: DVD-ROM, DVD-R and DVD-RW.

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Monday, June 24, 2013

Top 8 Best Free Antivirus 2013 Research

Today, while searching on Internet for the Best Free Antivirus of the year 2013, I decided to do some research work in a different way. There are many reputed Software Repository Websites found on Internet. These websites provide information about new Software with reviews, technical details, Editor Ratings, User ratings, number of downloads and download links. I did research on these sites EDITOR RATINGS for the popular Free Antivirus Software found on Internet. I selected the following popular Software Download Websites:

1. Softpedia.Com

Softpedia is an Internet site that indexes information and provides software. The site also covers technology, science, health, and entertainment topics from external and in-house sources and provides software and game reviews. As of 2012 it was the 25th most-visited site by Romanians. It is a "popular destination for software download".

2. Snapfiles.Com

Snapfiles provides facility to Download freeware and shareware programs, fully reviewed and rated by SnapFiles staff, and user reviews. Trusted for quality downloads since 1997. Downloading quality software is safe and easy with Snapfiles.

3.Cnet.Com

CNET (stylized as c|net) is an American tech media website that publishes reviews, news, articles, blogs, and podcasts on technology and consumer electronics globally. Founded in 1994 by Halsey Minor and Shelby Bonnie.

4.PcMag.Com

PC Magazine provides reviews and previews of the latest hardware and software for the information technology professional. Articles are written by leading experts. PC Magazine is your complete guide to PC computers, peripherals and upgrades. We test and review computer- and Internet-related products and services. Looking for an expert pick? PCMag.com Editors take a look at different products and models and give you their recommendations. A print edition was published from 1982 to January 2009. Publication of online editions started in late 1994 and continue to this day.

The following Free Antivirus Software are ranked:

1. AVAST Free Antivirus

Avast! Free Antivirus represents the best free antivirus protection currently available on the market. This edition is FREE OF CHARGE for non-commercial & home use. READ MORE...

2. AVG Free Antivirus

AVG Anti-Virus has gone through many changes over the years but is still one of the handiest free antivirus programs available for personal users. Despite being a free security tool, AVG Anti-Virus is as good as any paid anti-virus app. READ MORE...

3. Comodo Antivirus Free Edition

Comodo Internet Security combines Comodo AntiVirus with a personal firewall that filters ingoing and outgoing traffic on your computer. It alerts you of any applications that attempts to connect to the Internet and allows you to permanently or temporarily allow or block the connection
READ MORE....

4. Microsoft Security Essentials Free

Developed by the same company that created the popular Windows operating system, Microsoft Security Essential is an antivirus solution meant to keep malicious files away from the computer, offering all the other tools typically integrated within similar products. READ MORE...

5. Avira AntiVir Personal

Avira AntiVir Personal offers the effective protection against computer viruses for the individual and private use on a single PC-workstation. READ MORE...

6. PANDA Cloud Antivirus 2.2.0

Panda Cloud Antivirus protects you while you browse, play or work and you won't even notice it. It is extremely light as all the work is done in the cloud. READ MORE...

7. BitDefender Antivirus Free Edition

Bitdefender Antivirus Free Edition uses top technologies, internationally-renowned for their ability to block emerging threats that other products miss. READ MORE...

8. Ad-Aware Free Antivirus+

Ad-Aware Free Antivirus+ provides two-way protection encased in an antivirus joined with an anti-spyware engine. This combination ensures a strong shield against Trojans, dialers, rootkits, bots and hijackers.
READ MORE...

The results of this research for the Top 8 Best Antivirus of the year 2013 Research are as follows:

S.#	Antivirus	CNet	Snapfiles	Softpedia	PCMAG	Total=20	Remarks
1	Avast 8 Free, 2013	5/5	5/5	5/5	4/5	19	No:1
2	AVG Free 2013	5/5	4/5	5/5	4.35/5	18.35	No:2
3	Comodo Antivirus Free Edition, 2013	5/5	4.5/5	4.5/5	4.1/5	18.10	No:3
4	Microsoft Security Essentials 4.2, 2013	4/5	5/5	4.5/5	3.15/5	16.65	No:4
5	Avira AntiVir Free 13,2013	3.5/5	4/5	4/5	4.2/5	15.70	No:5
6	Panda Cloud Antivirus Free 2.2, 2013	4/5	3.5/5	4.5/5	3.55/5	15.55	No:6
7	BitDefender Free Edition 1.0.15.946	4/5*	3.5/5	4/5	4/5**	15.50	No.7
8	Ad-Aware Antivirus+ Free 10.5, 2013	3.5/5	3.5/5	4/5	4.15/5	15.15	No.8

Note: *, ** = Unfortunately, I could not find any ranking for Bitdefender Free Edition
from PCMAG or CNET, but I estimated their rankings or reputation for Paid versions of
Bitdefender.

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Virus and Antivirus: Problem and Solution

Comodo Free Antivirus with Firewall

Comodo is on Number 3 in Free Antivirus Competition 2013

Comodo Internet Security is a free antivirus and PC security solution that combines a number of effective security tools into one easy-to-use package. It provides some important characteristics, such as cloud-based virus scanning and behavior analysis to counter zero-day threats, a sturdy firewall, sandboxing, and anti-spyware, too.

Important Features of the Comodo Free Antivirus

Secures against internal and external attacks (Antivirus and Firewall Combination)and maintains smooth running of your PC
Blocks internet access to malicious Viruses, Worms and Trojan Horses
Safeguards your precious Personal data against theft
Delivers total end-point security for Personal Computers and Networks
PC Magazine Online's Editor's Choice

System Requirements for Comodo Internet security Antivirus Free

Antivirus Software:    Comodo Internet Security 6.2.282872
File size:    142.13MB
Operating System Support:    Windows XP / Vista / Windows7 / Windows8
Languages:    Multiple languages
License:    Freeware
Developer:    Comodo http://www.comodo.com

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Sunday, June 23, 2013

Bitdefender Antivirus Free Edition

Bitdefender Antivirus Free Edition is the first free antivirus product compatible with Windows 8. Game at full speed! Bitdefender Antivirus Free Edition knows when it’s time to quietly monitor in the background, but also when it can resume, once you hit “quit” in your MMORPG. Bitdefender Antivirus Free Edition will function automatically and take care of itself, so that you won’t have to check back or make phone maintenance each time a virus is detected.
Look! How Bitdefender Wins the Number 7 Position in The World Champions Trophy for Free Antivirus Protection Software:

Title:	BitDefender Free Edition

File size:	21.08MB
Requirements:	Windows XP / Vista / XP64 / Vista64
Languages:	en-US
License:	Freeware
Author:	BitDefender.com www.bitdefender.com

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Virus and Antivirus: Problem and Solution

Microsoft Security Essentials Free Antivirus

Microsoft Security Essentials provides real-time protection for your home PC that guards against viruses, spyware, and other malicious software. Microsoft Security Essentials is a free download from Microsoft that is simple to install, easy to use, and always kept up to date so you can be assured your PC is protected by the latest technology.
Microsoft Security Essentials came into existence as Microsoft's first attempt of a standalone security application for home use. Although it has a simple user interface suitable for beginners, it probably isn't the best choice for more advanced users or professional network administrators, but for the average user, it covers all the bases. Bear in mind, however, that Microsoft Security Essentials doesn't disinfect files - it only deletes them in case of infection. It can be dangerous, if the files are important and contain precious data like financial transaction records or business sale purchase data.

Download Microsoft Security Essentials Free Antivirus Easily

System Requirements:

Software:	Security Essentials 4.2.223 XP

File size:	10.58MB
Operating System Requirements:	Windows
Languages:	en-US
License:	Freeware
Author:	Microsoft Corporation www.microsoft.com

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Virus and Antivirus: Problem and Solution

Ad-Aware Free Antivirus Plus Anti Spyware

Another Good Antivirus Software that's Freeware, too. This time Lava soft combines their popular Ad-Aware Anti spyware with the super fast . Ad-Aware Free Antivirus.

More than 450 million Downloads and counting:
Ad-Aware Free Antivirus will provide you:

Download Protection: by blocking malicious files before being written to disk
Sand boxing: by keeping unknown apps running in a virtual environment
Advanced Detection: Therefore, it's Lavasoft's most powerful free anti virus yet.

Software:	Ad-Aware Free Antivirus+ 10.5.2.4379
Download Filename:	Ad-Aware_Antivirus_Free_Setup_10.5.2.4379.msi
File size:	19.11MB (Very Small as compared to other popular free anti virus software)
Requirements:	Windows XP / Vista / Windows7 / Vista64 / Windows7 64 / Windows8 / Windows8 64
Languages:	Multiple languages
License:	Non-Commercial Freeware
Developer:	Lavasoft www.lavasoft.com
Homepage:

Technical Requirements:

Processor: P733 MHz or better
RAM: 512 MB (1GB recommended)
Hard Disk: 300 MB free space recommended
Supported Languages: English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Simplified Chinese
Supported Operating Systems: Windows 8 (32- & 64-bit), Windows 7, Windows Vista (32 and 64-bit), Windows XP (SP2+,32-bit)

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