Explain Procedural and Non Procedural Programming Languages

After reading this topic you will be able to clearly understand the meanings of Procedural and Non Procedural Languages and the differences between procedural and non procedural languages.

Here is a brief note on procedural and Non Procedural Computer Languages:

Procedural Languages

Explain Differences between Procedural Languages and Non Procedural Languages in Computer Programming

In procedural languages a program is written as a sequence of instructions. We have to specify what to do and how to do. In procedural languages a program will tell the whole step by step procedure to perform a particular task or job. So we provide a sequence of instructions and these instructions are executed in the given specified order. These instructions are written in order to solve a specific problem.
Procedural languages are also called 3rd Generation languages or 3GL.3GL languages are

Examples of procedural languages

Examples of Procedural languages are FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, Pascal, C Language, C++, and Java etc.

a) FORTRAN (FORrmula TRANslation)

FORTRAN is generally used by mathematicians to solve mathematical problems.

b) COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language)

COBOL is one of the first popular programming languages for businesses.

c) C – Language

C Language is one of the most popular high level programming languages. C language is used for System programming as well as for application programming. C language can be used to develop operating systems and application programs.

d) BASIC (Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Language)

BASIC was developed for teaching purposes. It was used to teach how to program to students and beginners.

Non-Procedural Languages

In non-procedural languages we have to specify only “what to do” and not “how to do”. For example, SQL (structured query language) is a non procedural language. It is used in database systems.

Non Procedural languages are Fourth Generation Languages called 4GLs. In Non procedural languages we do not have to write whole set of instructions according to the logic of the program. But only one statement may be enough in a non procedural language to perform the whole job, for example select statement of SQL. Another example of non procedural languages is RPG

a) SQL

SQL is the short form of Structured Query Language. Structured Query Language is the mopst popular database query language. SQL is used in Database Management Systems like Microsoft Access, ORACLE, MS SQL Server and MySQL.

b) RPG

RPG is another example of a non procedural language. RPG stands for Report Program Generator. It is used for generating professional business reports.

Define Data and Information With Examples

DATA Data is the collection of raw facts and figures. Actually data is unprocessed, that is why data is called collection of raw facts and figures. Define Data and Information with Examples We collect data from different resources. After collection, data is entered into computer for processing. Data may be collection of words, numbers, pictures, or sounds etc. Examples of Data 1) Student Data on Admission Forms When students get admission in a college. They fill admission form. This form contains raw facts (data of student) like name, father’s name, address of student, obtained marks, photo graph etc. 2) Data of Citizens During census, data of all citizens is collected. The staff will go house to house and collect data about citizens like number of persons living in a home, either they are literate or illiterate, number of children, data of each child, cast, religion, Computerized national Identity Card number, address, how many rooms and other facilities in the

Important Objective Type Questions 101-155

MMC stands for multimedia card. SD stands for secure digital card. System Bus is used to connect main components of a computer such as cpu and main memory. A Port is an interface or a point of attachments. POS stands for Point Of Sale terminal. ATM stands for Automated Teller Machine. PIN stands for Personal identification number. Kbps stands for kilobits per second. Mbps stands for megabits per second. A port that transmits one bit at a time is called Serial Port. A type of port that transmits many bits at a time is called Parallel Port. LPT stands for Line Printer. Examples of system software are Operating System, Utility Programs and Device Drivers. Examples of operating systems are DOS, Windows, Unix and Linux. Examples of Utility programs are File Manager, Image Viewer, Disk Scanner and File Compressor. Software used to detect and remove viruses is called Antivirus . Examples of antivirus programs are Mcaffee, Avast,

Advantages and Disadvantages of Ring Network Topology

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