Introduction To Computer VIVA

Q1. Define computer, explain characteristics of a computer.

Computer is an electronic machine that takes data and instructions, processes data according to the given instructions, gives results and stores them.

Characteristics of Computer :

 1. Speed 2. Storage 3. Processing 4. Accuracy 5. Recalling

6. Communication 7. Versatile 7. No Feelings 9. No Intelligence

Q2. Explain uses of computer in different fields of life. OR Explain Impacts of Computer Technology on Society.

1. Uses of Computer at Home

2. Uses of Computer in Education

3.  Uses of Computer in Industry

4. Uses of Computer in Business

5. Uses of Computer in Medical Field

Q3. Write down a note on types of computer.

Types of Computer

Computers can be divided into the following types on the basis of their working:

1. Analog Computers

Analog computer is used to measure continuous values. It measures a physical property like voltage, pressure, speed and temperature Analog computer is mainly used in the field of engineering and medicine. Examples              Analog clock ,            Speedometer.,            Thermometer

2. Digital Computers

A digital computer works with digital data. Digital computer uses binary number system. Binary number system consists of only two digits 0 and 1. Today most of the computers used in offices and homes are Digital computers.  Examples:  Personal Computer-(PC),Digital Score board ,Digital watch

3. Hybrid Computers

A hybrid computer is a combination of both analog and digital computer. Examples:

• Hybrid computer devices may calculate patient's heart function, temperature and blood pressure etc. This calculation may be converted into numbers and shown in digital form.
• Hybrid computers are also used in spaceships and missile system.

Q4. Differentiate between Analog and Digital Computers

The difference between analog and digital computers is as follows:

Analog Computers		Digital Computers
1	Works on continuous values.	1	Works on discrete values.
2	Low memory.	2	Big memory.
3	Slow speed.	3	Fast speed.

Q5. Write a note on “Classification of Computers”

Classification of Computers

Computers are classified on the basis of size, speed and price as under:

1. Micro Computers

Micro computer is also called personal computer. It was introduced in 1970. It is used by one person at a time. Examples of personal computers are PC and Apple Macintosh.

2. Mini Computers

Mini computers were introduced in the 1960s. Mini computer is larger and more powerful computer than personal computer. Mini computer can serve up to 4000 connected users simultaneously. Examples of mini computers are:

•     VAX-8800     •     AS 400.

3. Mainframe Computers

Mainframe computers were introduced in 1975. A mainframe computer is a very large computer in size. It is more powerful than mini computer. Examples of mainframe computers are

•     NEC 610    •     DEC 10

 4. Super Computers

Super computers were introduced in 1980s. Super computer is the fastest computer. Super computer is the biggest in size and the most expensive in price than any other computers. Examples of super computers are CRAY-XP, ETA-10, and Deep Blue.

Q9.Explain the basic components/parts of a computer    OR  Explain the basic computer organization

There are the following main basic parts of the computer:

1. Input Unit   (To enter data and instructions)
2. Output Unit   (To display processing results)
3. Central Processing Unit( CPU / Processor)   (to process data and control operations and components of computer)
4. Memory Unit   (to store data for processing)
5. Storage Unit   (to store large amounts of data permanently)

Important Objective Type Questions 101-155

101. MMC stands for multimedia card.
102. SD stands for secure digital card.
103. System Bus  is used to connect main components of a computer such as cpu and main memory.
104. A Port is an interface or a point of attachments.
105. POS stands for Point Of Sale terminal.
106. ATM stands for Automated Teller Machine.
107. PIN stands for Personal identification number.
108. Kbps stands for kilobits per second.
109. Mbps stands for megabits per second.
110. A port that transmits one bit at a time is called Serial Port.
111. A type of port that transmits many bits at a time is called Parallel Port.
112. LPT stands for Line Printer.
113. Examples of system software are Operating System, Utility Programs and Device Drivers.
114. Examples of operating systems are DOS, Windows, Unix and Linux.
115. Examples of Utility programs are File Manager, Image Viewer, Disk Scanner and File Compressor.
116. Software used to detect and remove viruses is called Antivirus.
117. Examples of antivirus programs are Mcaffee, Avast, Symantec, Norton, AVG and Avira antivirus.
118. Name of two free antivirus programs are Avast and Avira.
119. Instructions of Machine language are written in binary form.
120. Assembly language is a low level language.
121. Names of high level languages are C, C++, Java, BASIC and COBOL.
122. SQL stands for structured query language.
123. A Compiler translates the instructions of high level language into machine language as a whole.
124. A program written in high level language is called source code.
125. A program in machine language is called object program or object code.
126. Every computer that is a part of a network is called a terminal or node.
127. A server computer works a s a central computer in a network.
128. The main types of computer network are: LAN, MAN and WAN.
129. HUB is also called concentrator.
130. HUB is also called multistation access unit  or MAU.
131. NIC stands for Network Interface Card.
132. Network interface card is also called a LAN CARD or LAN adapter.
133. Names of three network topologies are Star, Tree and BUS.
134. In a mesh topology, every device is connected directly to all other devices in network.
135. In Simplex mode, data can flow only in one direction.
136. In Half-duplex Mode data can flow in both direction but not at the same time.
137. In full duplex mode data can flow in both directions at the same time.
138. Modem is a device that converts digital signals into analog and analog signals into digital.
139. Modulation is the process of converting digital signal into analog signal.
140. Demodulation is the process of converting analog signal into digital signal.
141. Data is the collection of raw facts and figures.
142. Processed data is called information.
143. GUI stands for graphical user interface.
144. Loading and executing multiple programs at the same time is called Multitasking.
145. Supporting the use of multiple processors is called Multiprocessing.
146. ARPANET stands for Advance Research Project Agency.
147. PROTOCOL is the collection of rules.
148. DARPA stands for Defense Advance Research Project Agency.
149. DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line.
150. ISDN stands for Integrated Services digital network.
151. IRC stands for Internet Relay Chat.
152. IM stands for instant messaging.
153. Domain name is the unique name given to a website.
154. If different parts of same image are linked with different web pages, it is called image map.
155. A web server is a computer that is used to store information for users on the internet.

1. Important
objective type questions 1-50

2. Important
Objective Type Questions 51-100

3. Important
Objective Type Questions 101-155

Important Objective Type Questions 51-100

51. (70)10 = (1000110). [ divide 70 by 2 repeatedly until quotient is zero, write down remainders from bottom to top.]
52. NTFS is abbreviation for new technology file system     .
53. USB stands for Universal serial Bus.
54. AGP stands for Accelerated graphical port.
55. Roman number system is an example of non-positional number system.
56. PPP stands for point-to-point protocol.
57. SCSI is pronounced as Small computer system interface.
58. MS Excel is an example of Applications software.
59. Windows is an example of          system           software.
60. WAN as a network stands for    wide area network.
61. DNS stands for Domain name server.
62. CPS stands for   Character per second.
63. BIOS stands for   Basic input-output system.
64. LCD stands for Liquid crystal display     .
65. POST stands for   ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­_Power  ON Self Test
66. How many rows are in MS Excel _65536.
67. Modem stands for Modulator and demodulator.
68. CPM stands for Character per minute
69. ENIAC stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator.
70. EDVAC stands for Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic calculator.
71. UNIVAC Stands for Universal Automatic Computer.
72. IBM stands for International Business Machines.
73. A Hybrid computer is a combination of both analog and digital computer.
74. Speedo meter is an example of analog computer.
75. Micro computer or personal computer was introduced in 1970.
76. PDA stands for Personal Digital Assistant.
77. Super computer is used for weather prediction.
78. Abacus was first computing device developed 5000 years ago.
79. Mouse and keyboard are input devices.
80. Monitor and Printer are two output devices.
81. PROM stands for Programmable Read only Memory
82. EPROM stands for Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.
83. EEPROM stands for Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.
84. SRAM stands for Static Random Access Memory.
85. DRAM stands for Dynamic Random Access Memory.
86. Names of two search engines are Google and Yahoo.
87. CMOS stands for Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor .
88. BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System.
89. RPM stands for Rotations Per Minute.
90. The number of bytes inside a sector is fixed, it is always 512 bytes.
91. CD-ROM stands for Compact Disk Read Only memory.
92. CD-R stands for Compact Disk Recordable.
93. CD-RW stands for Compact disk Rewritable.
94. WORM stands for Write Once Read Many.
95. DVD stands for Digital Video Disk.
96. DVD-ROM stands for Digital video disk Read only memory.
97. DVD-R stands for Digital video disk recordable.
98. DVD-RW stands for Digital Video disk Rewritable.
99. USB stands for Universal Serial Bus.
100. CF stands for Compact flash card.

1. Important
objective type questions 1-50

2. Important
Objective Type Questions 51-100

3. Important
Ojective Type Questions 101-155

Important objective type questions 1-50

1. FTP stand for     file transfer protocol.
2. Lady ADA is the mother of computer.
3.    VINT CERF     is the father of Internet.
4. Nibble consists of   4   bits.
5.   Google     and   Yahoo   are the two search engines.
6. TCP/IP stands for Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol.
7. One sector on Hard Disk holds   512    bytes. 
8. Dos, window and UNIX are three operating systems.
9. Demodulation converts Analog signal into Digital signal.
10. ARPANET stands for advanced research project agency network.
11. URL stands for uniform resource locator.
12. Charles Babbage is the father of computer.
13. Lady ADA is the first computer programmer.
14. Nibble contains 04 numbers of bits.
15. Name Two Mail service mail Yahoo.com.
16. VOIP stands for Voice over internet protocol.
17. One sector holds 512 numbers of bytes.
18. Name two different Operating systems DOS and Windows.
19. The process of demodulation converts digital signal into analog signal.
20. URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator.
21. Bit stands for Binary digits.
22. The smallest unit with which any disk can work is called Byte.
23. HTML stands for hypertext markup language.
24. Flow Chart is pictorial representation of an algorithm.
25. Rules that govern the data over Internet are called Internet protocol.
26. Pixel stands for picture element.
27. MAN stands for matropoliton area network.
28. In Ms Word, short key for changing the case of letter is shift +F3.
29. In Ms Excel, the shortcut key to insert current time is CTRL + : and for current date is CTRL + ;
30. Byte is the basic storage unit in a general-purpose computer.
31. Flow chart can be regarded as graphically representation of algorithm.
32. LASER stands for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.
33. LCD as in LCD monitor stands for liquid crystal display. and LED stands for Light emitting Diode
34. Information can be regarded as processed data.
35. Collection of 8 bits is called a byte whereas collection of 4 bits is called   Nibble.
36. A word, in computer terminology contains     16    bits.
37. CRT as in CRT monitor stands for cathode ray tube.
38. VAN as a network stands for value added network.
39. ANSI stands for American National standards Institute.
40. Radix for Octal Number System is     8.
41. HUB is an abbreviation for _Hellenic United Backbone.
42. FAT stands for   file allocation table.
43.     Flow chart   may be considered as the graphical counterpart of an algorithm.
44. Algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to solve a particular problem.
45. (80)10 =    (1010000)₂ [ divide 80 by 2 repeatedly until quotient is zero, write down remainders from bottom to top.]
46. ASCII is an abbreviation for American standard Code for Information Interchange.
47. BCD stands for Binary coded decimal.
48. SDLC stands for system development life cycle.
49. In Ms Office Suite, the shortcut key for CLOSE ALL is   Alt + F4.
50. PCI is an abbreviation for   peripheral component Interconnect.

1. Important
objective type questions 1-50

2. Important
Objective Type Questions 51-100

3. Important
Ojective Type Questions 101-155

Advantages and Disadvantages Of Internet

what are the advantages and disadvantages of internet

Internet has many advantages for users along with some disadvantages too. Let us discuss the benefits of using Internet first.

ADVANTAGES OF INTERNET

what are the advantages and disadvantages of internet

Following are the main advantages of internet:

1. THE WORLD WIDE WEB

This is also called web or www or 3w. The collection of all web pages in all web sites on internet is called www. These web pages provide us information.

2. E-MAIL

E-mail stands for electronic mail. It is the most popular, cheap, easy and fastest mailing service. We can send and receive messages on internet with in seconds or minutes.

3. NEWSGROUPS

Newsgroups are discussion groups on internet. They are used for free exchange of information.

4. MAILING LISTS

Mailing lists provide information to the users on the selected topics through email. Mailing lists are maintained by different companies.

5. ONLINE BANKING

Several banks are online now. So we can manage our bank accounts on internet. Due to online banking, money is transferred from one city or country to another within seconds or minutes.

6. E-COMMERCE

E-commerce means the electronic commerce. It means that doing business on internet. Now we can sell and purchase goods from any where in the world through internet.

7. JOB SEARCH

You can search jobs on internet. There are many job seeking sites on internet.

8. SEARCH ENGINE

Internet contains a very large amount of information. Search engine is used to easily and quickly find the required information. Many sites provide facility of search engine like Google, Yahoo, Find, Lycos and AltaVista.

9. CHAT

It is the most popular services by which two users can live chat with each other. It is just like talking on telephone. We can chat by text or audio or video. Messenger software like Yahoo messenger or MSN messenger is used for chatting.

10. INTERNET PHONE

We can call on phone to some one on internet. This is cheaper than calling by ordinary phone.

11. FAX

Fax messages can be sent to persons that use fax machines.

12. FUN AND ENTERTAINMENT

You can find films, cartoons, audio and video songs on internet.

13. EDUCATION

There many web sites that provide educational facilities. So education can be achieved online.

14. NEWS PAPERS

Now many newspapers have their websites. We can read news from internet now.

15. DOWNLOAD FREE SOFTWARE

We can download (save in our computer) free software from internet.

16. UPLOAD INFORMATION

We can upload information (send from our computer) on internet. So that this information will be available for internet users.

17. HOTEL RESERVATION

You can get reserved a room for you in a hotel while sitting at your home. Several hotels are online now. You will just open the website of a given hotel and book some room as required.

18. ONLINE SHOPPING

You can do all types of shopping on internet. Online shopping is becoming more popular in progressive countries too.

19. DOWNLOAD GAMES

You can download computer games from internet. There are many websites that provide tons of games to download free. They also provide necessary help documentation to play these games smoothly.

20. Traveling Guides

You can find information about any country of the world on internet. You can find maps of any country and big cities.

DISADVANTAGES OF INTERNET

There are some disadvantages of Internet as discussed below:

1. HACKING

Hackers access the important information and programs and may destroy it. Hackers try to get password of internet users and then access important information.

2. COMPUTER VIRUS

Computer virus is a program developed for some destructive purpose. Computer virus can destroy your data or software. Virus enters into your computer by internet, floppy disc, CD or USB flash memory drive. Antivirus software like Norton Antivirus and McAfee Antivirus are used to find and remove virus. Other examples of antivirus software are AVAST anti virus , Panda Anti virus, ESET NOD 32 anti virus, AVG anti virus and Malwarebytes anti virus etc.

3. WASTAGE OF TIME

There are so many interesting facilities on internet. So people use internet for several hours. In this way valuable time is wasted.

4. EDUCATIONAL LOSS OF STUDENTS

Students spend much time in internet café. So they waste their time and do not attend their studies properly. This will lead to low grades in their studies.

5. ONLINE ROBBERY

Important documents are stolen on internet. Passwords of credit cards are stolen on internet. This can do financial loss.

6. IMMORAL WEB SITES / PORNOGRAPHY

There are many immoral sites on internet. This is destroying high values of the societies that don't allow such sexual  material or illegal sexual relations. PORN websites are destroying character of  the preteen and teenagers. There is a strong need to stop / filter porn websites in our country.

7. LOSS OF MONEY

Internet is not free. Internet users pay monthly charges to ISPs. Moreover, electricity bill is also increased by using computer and internet for many hours daily. In addition using computer systems for long times will result in fatigue and other health problems so that a lot of money will be consumed on medications.

7. LOSS OF HEALTH

Most of the users use internet for long time daily. They sit before computer for many hours. This may create health problems like weak eye sight, tiredness, fatigue, headache etc.

8. SOCIAL DISCONNECTION

Internet users give most of time to computer and internet. They always like to sit before computer. They have no time for their friends or family members or relatives. They like to eat while using internet for chatting, on facebook or youtube. They are cut off the external world just for internet. This social disconnection creates many problems.

This concludes the topic:

what are the advantages and disadvantages of internet?

Services Of Internet

SERVICES PROVIDED BY INTERNET

Important services provided by internet are as the following:

1. THE WORLD WIDE WEB

This is also called web or www or 3w. The collection of all web pages in all web sites on Internet is called www. These web pages provide us information in the form of text, pictures, audio and video formats etc.

2. E-MAIL

E-mail stands for electronic mail. It is the most popular, cheap, easy and fastest mailing service. We can send and receive messages on internet with in seconds or minutes.

3. EMAIL DISCUSSION GROUPS

These are used to discuss different topics with other people by email.

4. NEWSGROUPS

Newsgroups are discussion groups on internet. They are used for free exchange of information. A user sends a message to the news group site. Other users read this message from this site and reply. Newsgroups are provided by special computers called news servers.

5. ECOMMERCE

It stands for Electronic Commerce. E-commerce means to carry out business dealings by internet. Examples of Ecommerce include:
Online Banking, Online shopping and online education etc.

6. FTP

FTP stands for file transfer protocol. It is used to transfer files on internet easily and quickly. Audio, video, graphics and data files can be uploaded and downloaded using FTP.

7. TELNET

This program is used to access a remote computer on internet. You can access data and files from connected computer by Telnet. Telnet may also provide you a user interface on screen. You will give commands to remote computer by this user interface.

8. CHAT

It is the most popular services by which two or more users can live chat with each other. We can chat by text or audio or video. Voice chat is just like talking on telephone. Messenger software like Yahoo messenger or MSN messenger is used for chatting.

9. GOPHER

A gopher on the Internet is a system for users to search for files via menus or directory structures. It uses plain English names and is text based only.

Explain Internet and History of Internet

INTERNET

Internet is the network of networks around the world. It is made up of thousands of smaller networks. It is a global communication system. We can send and receive information from a city or country to another through Internet.

Main components of Internet are computers, communication media and modem etc. Modem is used to send and receive information though telephone lines.
   

Internet provides following main facilities:

               ·    E- mail
               ·    Chat
               ·    Searching jobs
               ·    Advertising for business
               ·    E-commerce
               ·    Searching information

To use Internet we must have

 ·    suitable computer
 ·    telephone line
 ·    modem
 ·    web browser (for example, internet explorer)
 ·    Internet connection or scratch card of an ISP

HISTORY OF INTERNET

1) ARPANET  

The seeds of internet were planted in 1969 by Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of US department of Defense. ARPA began to connect computers at different universities and defense contractors. This network was named ARPANET. The goal of ARPANET was to create a large network using telephone lines that could survive a nuclear attack or earthquake. Secondly, It also linked researchers at remote places to share the research work.
ARPANET continued to develop through the 70s. Before the 80s there were fewer than 100 sites on the e Internet.

2) NSFNET

In 80s US defense department stopped funding the ARPANET. In the mid-80s the National Science Foundation (NSF) joined the project. NSF developed the network to connect supercomputer centers in the US.
ARPANET was unable to handle rapidly increasing load of users. So NSF developed a new and higher capacity network called NSFNET.

3) INTERNET

At this point many colleges and universities were encouraged to connect to the network. The number of sites began to increase rapidly. There were more than 100,000 sites in 1989. Similar networks were established in other countries in the world. The ARPANET, NSFNET and other networks were interconnected. The process of connecting different networks together is called INTERNETWORKING. So this world wide network of networks was named as INTERNET.

4) Internet Backbones

NSFNET provided internet connections for academic research. But NSFNET did not permit users to do private business on internet. Therefore, many telecommunication companies created their own network backbones. Network back bones consist of high-speed data lines to carry huge volume of traffic. Local networks connect to these backbones.
In 1990 ARPANET was shut down. In 1995, government funding for NSFNET was discontinued. So commercial internet back bone services replaced them.

5) Business on Internet

In the early 90s businesses were allowed on the internet.

6) Internet Service providers

Since 1996, most of the internet traffic is carried by independent Internet Service Providers. Now at a very low cost, computers of offices, homes, institutes, hotels and net cafes etc can be connected to internet.